What the Record Shows

• Miller repeatedly opposed congressional efforts to constrain presidential military action against Iran. In 2026, he voted against six Iran-related War Powers resolutions - H.Con.Res. 38, 40, 75, 86, 89 and 93 - seeking to remove U.S. forces from hostilities not authorized by Congress.
• Three of those measures ultimately passed the House. Miller voted against them, including H.Con.Res. 89 and H.Con.Res. 93, which directed the President to remove U.S. forces from hostilities with Iran pursuant to the War Powers Resolution.
• On domestic use of force, Miller has generally supported strong federal immigration enforcement. However, following fatal federal immigration-enforcement operations in Minnesota, he called for transparency and accountability regarding federal use of force.

What the Record Shows

• Miller has supported measures giving Congress greater control over federal agency rulemaking, reflecting support for congressional authority in that area.
• Miller supported congressional efforts to expunge President Trump's two impeachments, arguing that doing so would correct what he regarded as previous congressional political overreach.
• Miller voted for legislation restricting congressional stock trading, providing evidence of support for at least one institutional accountability measure.

What the Record Shows

• Miller continued after the 2020 election to raise unsupported questions about the legitimacy of the result. During his 2022 congressional campaign, he said there had been “a lot of irregularities” in the election that needed to be investigated, despite extensive reviews finding no widespread fraud sufficient to alter the outcome.
• Miller has repeatedly supported the SAVE Act and related legislation requiring documentary proof of U.S. citizenship for federal voter registration, arguing that these requirements are necessary to ensure that only eligible U.S. citizens vote.

What the Record Shows

• Poindexter has publicly criticized ICE's tactical use of force following fatal incidents involving federal immigration agents. He has said ICE “absolutely, 100% needs to change their tactics.”
• He has not called for abolishing ICE and has expressed support for secure borders and immigration enforcement conducted without unnecessary cruelty.
• Poindexter has called for an end to U.S. involvement in the Iran war, but the available record does not identify a clear position on the constitutional division of war-making authority between Congress and the President.

What the Record Shows

• Poindexter has called for prohibiting members of Congress from trading individual stocks.
• He has criticized congressional spending practices and emphasized congressional scrutiny of federal expenditures.
• The available record contains limited evidence concerning Poindexter's positions on executive accountability, separation of powers, judicial authority and congressional oversight.

What the Record Shows

• CIU's research identified little substantive public record from Poindexter concerning the 2020 presidential election, certification of election results, the SAVE Act or comparable election-integrity questions.

What the Record Shows

• Kaptur has repeatedly supported Congress's constitutional role in authorizing military action, including legislation and votes seeking to restrict unauthorized U.S. hostilities with Iran.
• She has continually called for restraints and greater accountability in federal immigration enforcement. In 2026, she criticized warrantless entries and wrongful detention of U.S. citizens and called for body cameras, visible identification and stronger oversight of ICE and DHS enforcement.
• Her concerns date to at least 2018, when she criticized a major Ohio ICE workplace raid as using “barbaric tactics” that broke up working families, and later visited detained women to examine their treatment and access to legal representation.
• In 2024, Kaptur voted against an amendment that would have required the government, with specified exceptions, to obtain a warrant before searching Section 702 surveillance data for Americans’ communications. Section 702 targets foreigners abroad but can result in the warrantless collection of Americans’ private communications. Kaptur subsequently voted to reauthorize Section 702.

What the Record Shows

• Kaptur has repeatedly used her congressional oversight role to challenge executive-branch spending and administrative actions, including requesting GAO review of whether the Department of Energy was complying with federal appropriations laws.
• In 2026, she pressed DOE to restore reporting, safety and independent-oversight requirements, arguing that Congress cannot effectively conduct oversight without reliable information from executive agencies.
• Kaptur has called for greater transparency and accountability in federal immigration enforcement, including visible identification, body cameras and stronger use-of-force standards for ICE and CBP.
• She has also supported congressional ethics reforms, including restrictions on members trading individual stocks.

What the Record Shows

• Kaptur voted to certify the 2020 presidential election and has not challenged the lawful transfer of presidential power.
• She testified in federal court against Ohio's congressional gerrymandering, describing how the 2011 map divided communities within her district.
• She has supported expanded voter registration and voting access, including automatic voter registration and expanded mail voting.
• In 2025, Kaptur voted against the SAVE Act, which would require documentary proof of U.S. citizenship for federal voter registration and could create registration barriers for eligible voters who lack ready access to the required documents.
• Kaptur has also supported congressional investigation and oversight concerning foreign efforts to interfere in U.S. elections.

What the Record Shows

• Merrin has supported strong border enforcement, including an increased U.S. military presence at the southern border, but his public record provides limited evidence on the constitutional constraints governing domestic deployment of federal force.
• He has expressed support for President Trump's military action against Iran, but the available record provides limited evidence defining his position on Congress's Article I war powers versus presidential authority to initiate or continue hostilities.

What the Record Shows

• Merrin was identified in a federal trial exhibit as part of “Team Householder,” candidates whom prosecutors said Ohio House Speaker Larry Householder supported with dark money while seeking their backing for his speakership and the FirstEnergy bailout. Merrin later voted for HB 6, the legislation at the center of the $60 million bribery scheme. Merrin was never charged with wrongdoing in the scandal.
• After the scheme became public and Householder was federally indicted, Merrin still voted against expelling him from the Ohio House.
• In 2023, Merrin subsequently sought to repeal remaining HB 6 subsidies and introduced the Ethics and Financial Disclosure Reform Act, expanding lobbying and financial-disclosure requirements and restricting public officials from serving on corporate boards.

What the Record Shows

• Merrin cosponsored and voted for Ohio HB 458, which imposed stricter photo-ID requirements for in-person voting, shortened absentee and provisional-ballot cure periods, limited each county to one ballot drop box, and eliminated the final Monday of early voting. Opponents estimated that more than 800,000 voting-eligible Ohioans lacked the state-issued identification required under the new standard and would need to obtain qualifying ID to vote in person.
• He subsequently supported the federal SAVE Act, which would require documentary proof of U.S. citizenship to register for federal elections, and criticized opposition to the measure.